大涵道比风扇/增压级进气畸变数值模拟研究

为探究进口总压畸变下大涵道比风扇/增压级内部流场的主要特征，基于三维彻体力模型的思想，开发了一套能够实现风扇/增压级内外涵联算功能的三维数值计算程序。利用该程序模拟了某大涵道比风扇/增压级在周向总压畸变进气下的三维流场。计算结果表明：大涵道比风扇单转子不同叶高处的畸变传递特征差异较大，转子出口总压畸变强度由叶根到叶尖逐渐降低，在叶尖处衰减为最小值1.5%；在转子出口相应诱导出的总温畸变强度由叶根到叶尖逐渐升高，在叶尖处达到最大值1.4%；进口周向总压畸变导致风扇转子总压比下降0.5%，而风扇转子出口形成的总压总温复合畸变导致增压级总压比下降2%；总压畸变在增压级中呈逐级衰减趋势，而高温畸变区的周向范围在逐级增加。     

温度场对航空发动机转子超转破裂的影响

CCAR33.27超转适航要求，分析和试验确定的超转转速，必须基于温度和温度梯度的最不利组合。因此，研究温度和温度梯度对超转破裂的影响有非常重要的意义。以某型航空发动机低压6级涡轮转子为例，采用极限应变方法开展了转子部件的超转破裂分析，对比了常温和高温（红线转速对应的温度分布）下转子关键轮盘应变分布趋势和应变增长规律、预测的超转破裂的起始位置和破裂转速等轮盘超转特性；针对超转破裂分析，提出了在高温条件下，经过常温超转破裂试验验证的方法应用的有效性条件。低压涡轮转子的分析结果也显示，红线转速对应的温度状态下，轮盘超转破裂转速比常温下显著降低，而高温下材料屈服强度的大幅降低则是破裂转速下降的主要原因。     

一种高动态低信噪比卫星导航信号捕获方法

为提升高动态低信噪比环境下卫星导航信号的捕获性能,提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)及部分匹配滤波(PMF)的捕获方法。在该方法中,接收机首先利用PMF对接收信号做分段相干积分,随后借助快速傅里叶变换(FFT)对分段积分结果做离散快速FrFT,最后通过检测FrFT输出的峰值完成信号的捕获。由于具有多普勒频率变化率的卫星导航信号在FrFT后呈现能量聚焦特性,所提方法能够显著提高信号的长时间相干积分增益。同时对所提算法的捕获概率、平均捕获时间以及算法复杂度等性能指标进行了理论分析及计算机仿真验证。仿真表明,与传统的PMF-FFT方法相比,所提方法能够通过延长相干积分时间的方式有效提升高动态低信噪比卫星导航信号的捕获概率、降低捕获时间。     

基于反问题的涡轮过渡流道一体化支板设计方法

为进一步改善大涵道比涡扇发动机气动性能及燃油经济性,降低其污染物排放,控制其重量与成本,提出了一种高效的高、低压涡轮过渡流道整流支板一体化设计理念,即对原型支板与第一级低压涡轮导叶进行初步正问题一体化设计,并基于气流角全三维粘性反问题进行进一步改型设计,使得在保证自身气动性能不降低的基础上,带一体化支板涡轮过渡流道能够与高、低压涡轮实现良好匹配。以某型发动机过渡流道为算例开展了一体化设计工作,并采用三维数值模拟方法进行了设计点、非设计点流场分析评估。结果表明,设计点工况下一体化支板出口气流角以及马赫数分布均与原型导叶出口一致,验证了一体化设计的有效性。同时,带一体化支板的过渡流道总压损失从原型流道的2.49%降低到了1.02%。而在非设计工况,带一体化支板的过渡流道气流分离明显减小,具有更宽的最佳工况范围。     

基于全过程移动监督技术的感应电机定子绕组温度实时监测系统

随着物联网技术的发展,如何将物联网技术与非侵入式电力设备运行状态监测技术相结合成为当前研究热点之一。为了探索基于物联网技术的电气设备运行状态监测新模式,以感应电机定子绕组温度的非侵入式在线监测为出发点,首先提出了一种基于自适应法和最小二乘法的电机定子绕组温度辨识方法,并结合当前物联网技术的发展,设计了一种基于全过程监督技术的感应电机全寿命周期监督定子温度监测系统。以1台5.5 kW感应电机为例进行试验验证,结果表明该系统具有较强的鲁棒性。所提出的理念和技术可以为其他大型电力设备的状态监测提供重要参考和技术支撑。     

用腐蚀损伤计算金属日历寿命的原理和模型

通过对金属腐蚀T-H曲线和温湿谱的腐蚀损伤研究,找到一种用腐蚀损伤计算金属日历寿命的原理和模型。这种计算金属日历寿命的模型,只要给出真实使用环境下的腐蚀T-H曲线和温湿谱,就可计算出金属真实使用日历寿命。通过对30CrMnSiA钢的日历寿命实例计算结果与真实环境下的腐蚀试验结果的比较得到,相对误差是17.5%,这说明该日历寿命计算模型和方法是有效的。     

两种MCrAlY涂层/DD6合金的循环氧化和互扩散行为

在DD6单晶高温合金基体上,利用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)技术制备Ni Co Cr Al Y涂层,采用低压等离子喷涂(LPPS)技术制备Ni Co Cr Al YHf Si涂层,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子探针显微分析(EPMA)等手段研究了在1100℃下的热循环氧化和互扩散行为。结果表明,涂层显著提高了DD6基体的抗氧化能力,经100h的循环氧化后,涂层表面氧化层主要成分仍为α-Al2O3,依然发挥着较好的抗氧化保护作用。这两种涂层与基体之间形成了互扩散区(IDZ)和二次反应区(SRZ),IDZ和SRZ的厚度均随着循环氧化时间延长而增大;SRZ中析出的棒状与颗粒状的拓扑密堆相(TCP)含有W、Re、Mo等高熔点元素,其质量分数分别高达37.51%、14.22%和10.61%,TCP含量随着氧化时间而增多。活性元素Si、Hf对涂层中富Cr相和TGO的增长速率均有一定的抑制作用。     

Substitution of satellite-based land surface temperature defective data using GSP method

Land surface temperature (LST) as an important environmental variable provides valuable information for earth environmental system modelling. Currently, LST is obtained through satellite thermal sensors at various spatial and temporal resolutions. Although spatially continuous satellite-based LST measurements are intended to overcome the shortcomings of sparse ground-based LST measurements, LST images often contain anomalous values due to the existence of clouds or sensor malfunctioning. The problem becomes more serious where the users deal with high spatial resolution characterized by low temporal resolution. This study examines the capability of a newly developed graph signal processing (GSP) method using two-dimensional single-date thermal data. For this purpose, four Landsat/TIRS datasets are analyzed. The data of five elliptical regions on thermal images are eliminated and then reconstructed through the GSP method and using the LST values of the enclosing rectangles containing the ellipsoids. The results indicate that the temperature variation determined by the GSP method generally conforms to the original image LST values. According to a correlation test conducted on the original image LST and those obtained through the GSP method, the values vary from 58% to 95%, which is an above-the-average rate (RMSE from 0.69 to 2.27). The statistical analysis of the original image LST in both the elliptical regions and the enclosing rectangles containing the ellipsoids indicates that an increase in the variance of LST data causes an increased error in the calculation of temperature by the GSP method, and vice versa. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test indicated that an increase in the number of the non-zero spectral bins would result in increased RMSE values for all the dates and the regions. Moreover, the model errors were significant at the 0.05 level across all the image date and five elliptical study regions. Based on the results, the use of this method is recommended for the reconstruction of LST missing values, where dissimilarity of atmospheric conditions limits the use of other methods that depend on the time series data of various dates and a great deal of data calculation.     

Grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient in MQL grinding of high-temperature nickel-base alloy by using different vegetable oils as base oil

Vegetable oil can be used as a base oil in minimal quantity of lubrication(MQL). This study compared the performances of MQL grinding by using castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and palm oil as base oils. A K-P36 numerical-control precision surface grinder was used to perform plain grinding on a workpiece material with a high-temperature nickel base alloy. A YDM–III 99 three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure grinding force,and a clip-type thermocouple was used to determine grinding temperature. The grinding force, grinding temperature, and energy ratio coefficient of MQL grinding were compared among the seven vegetable oil types. Results revealed that(1) castor oil-based MQL grinding yields the lowest grinding force but exhibits the highest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(2) palm oil-based MQL grinding generates the second lowest grinding force but shows the lowest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(3) MQL grinding based on the five other vegetable oils produces similar grinding forces, grinding temperatures, and energy ratio coefficients, with values ranging between those of castor oil and palm oil;(4) viscosity significantly influences grinding force and grinding temperature to a greater extent than fatty acid varieties and contents in vegetable oils;(5) although more viscous vegetable oil exhibits greater lubrication and significantly lower grinding force than less viscous vegetable oil, high viscosity reduces the heat exchange capability of vegetable oil and thus yields a high grinding temperature;(6) saturated fatty acid is a more efficient lubricant than unsaturated fatty acid; and(7) a short carbon chain transfers heat more effectively than a long carbon chain. Palm oil is the optimum base oil of MQL grinding, and this base oil yields 26.98 N tangential grinding force,87.10 N normal grinding force, 119.6 °C grinding temperature, and 42.7% energy ratio coefficient.     

G-16EP通用航空电瓶充放电及寿命研究

为了对G-16EP型电瓶进行维护和保养，根据电瓶厂家规定和适航规范，总结了该型电瓶的充电和容量测试（放电）方法，指出了影响电瓶寿命的主要因素，为该型号电瓶的维护提供了参考。